Corrections: Exploring Crime, Punishment, and Justice in America provides a thorough introduction to the topic of corrections in America. In addition to providing complete coverage of the history and structure of corrections, it offers a balanced account of the issues facing the field so that readers can arrive at informed opinions regarding the process and current state of corrections in America. The 3e introduces new content and fully updated information on America's correctional system in a lively, colorful, readable textbook. Both instructors and students benefit from the inclusion of pedagogical tools and visual elements that help clarify the material.
Acknowledgments xiii
Preface xv
Online Instructor and Student Resources xvii
1 Understanding Corrections: Where Are We? 1 (22)
Key Terms 1 (1)
Introduction 1 (1)
The Current State of American 2 (9)
Corrections: Present Trends
Justifications for Sanctioning 11 (4)
Themes of the Text 15 (3)
Conclusion 18 (1)
Discussion Questions 18 (1)
References 19 (4)
2 The History of American Corrections: 23 (26)
Where Did We Come From?
Key Terms 23 (1)
Introduction 24 (1)
English Corrections During the 24 (1)
Enlightenment
Corrections in the United States 25 (2)
Birth of the Penitentiary 27 (5)
Prisons in the Industrial Era 32 (1)
Indeterminate Sentence and Parole 33 (1)
Corrections in the Progressive Era 34 (3)
"Big House" Era 37 (1)
Rehabilitation: The "Anything Works" Era 38 (1)
Deinstitutionalization and "Nothing Works" 39 (3)
Corrections in the "Get-Tough" Era 42 (1)
Conclusion 43 (2)
Discussion Questions 45 (1)
References 45 (2)
Court Cases 47 (2)
3 Corrections and the Courts 49 (40)
Key Terms 49 (1)
Introduction 50 (6)
Institutional Corrections and the Courts 56 (22)
Limitations of Correctional Litigation 78 (2)
Conclusion 80 (2)
Discussion Questions 82 (1)
References 83 (1)
Court Cases 84 (3)
Statutes 87 (2)
4 Community Corrections 89 (34)
Key Terms 89 (1)
Introduction 90 (1)
Rationale for Community Corrections 90 (1)
Programs
Diversion 91 (1)
Probation 91 (10)
Parole 101 (13)
Intermediate Punishments 114 (3)
Concerns about Community Corrections 117 (1)
Conclusion 118 (1)
Discussion Questions 119 (1)
References 119 (3)
Court Cases 122 (1)
5 Restorative Community Justice 123 (20)
Key Terms 123 (1)
Introduction 123 (1)
What Is Restorative Community Justice? 124 (1)
Principles and Core Values 125 (2)
The Process of Decision Making 127 (4)
Community Justice Practices 131 (3)
Challenges to the Community Justice 134 (6)
Approach
Conclusion 140 (1)
Discussion Questions 140 (1)
References 141 (2)
6 Jails 143 (32)
Key Terms 143 (1)
Introduction 144 (2)
The History of Jails 146 (3)
Jails Today 149 (1)
Jail Inmate Characteristics 150 (1)
Role of Jails in the American Criminal 151 (4)
Justice System
Jail Design 155 (6)
Jail Administration and Supervision 161 (8)
Future Jail Policies 169 (2)
Conclusion 171 (1)
Discussion Questions 171 (1)
References 171 (3)
Court Cases 174 (1)
7 Prisons and Prison Life 175 (22)
Key Terms 175 (1)
Introduction 175 (1)
The Prison Population 176 (2)
Race in Prison 178 (1)
Women in Prison 178 (1)
Prison Security Classifications 179 (2)
Prison Adjustment 181 (1)
Deprivations of Prison Life 181 (5)
Spiritual Adjustment in Prison 186 (2)
Prison Argot and the Sexual Hierarchy 188 (1)
Sexual Victimization 189 (1)
Staff-on-Inmate Victimization 190 (1)
Gangs 191 (1)
Conclusion 192 (1)
Discussion Questions 193 (1)
References 193 (4)
8 Correctional Administrators and Personnel 197 (36)
Key Terms 197 (1)
Introduction 198 (1)
Managing Correctional Personnel 198 (4)
Correctional Career Considerations 202 (5)
Job Duties 207 (1)
Working in Prison 208 (7)
Ethics and the Good Officer 215 (3)
Types of Correctional Counseling and 218 (10)
Related Treatment
Conclusion 228 (1)
Discussion Questions 229 (1)
References 229 (4)
9 Special Populations in Prison 233 (32)
Key Terms 233 (1)
Introduction 233 (1)
Substance Abusers 234 (5)
Sex Offenders 239 (2)
Intellectually and Developmentally 241 (1)
Disabled Prisoners
Mentally Ill Prisoners 241 (5)
Aging Prisoners 246 (3)
Chronically Ill Prisoners 249 (4)
Terminally Ill Prisoners 253 (5)
Conclusion 258 (1)
Discussion Questions 258 (1)
References 258 (6)
Court Cases and Statutes 264 (1)
10 Women Offenders and Correctional Workers 265 (26)
Key Terms 265 (1)
Introduction 265 (5)
Women Offenders 270 (11)
Women and Community Corrections 281 (3)
Women Correctional Workers 284 (3)
Conclusion 287 (1)
Discussion Questions 287 (1)
References 287 (3)
Court Cases 290 (1)
11 Juvenile Corrections 291 (24)
Key Terms 291 (1)
Introduction 291 (1)
Institutional Corrections for Juveniles 292 (5)
Institutional Life 297 (2)
The Effectiveness of Incarceration 299 (1)
New Directions in Institutional 300 (2)
Interventions
Community Interventions 302 (4)
Is Juvenile Probation Effective? 306 (1)
Effective and Ineffective Treatment 307 (2)
Interventions with Offenders
Repairing Harm to Community 309 (2)
Conclusion 311 (1)
Discussion Questions 312 (1)
References 312 (3)
12 The Death Penalty in America 315 (26)
Key Terms 315 (1)
Introduction 315 (1)
The Death Penalty Worldwide 316 (1)
History of the Death Penalty in the 317 (2)
United States
Current Use of the Death Penalty in the 319 (3)
United States
How the Modern Death Penalty Functions 322 (7)
The Cost of Capital Punishment 329 (1)
The Effects of Executions 330 (5)
Conclusion 335 (1)
Discussion Questions 336 (1)
References 337 (3)
Court Cases 340 (1)
13 The Future of Corrections 341 (20)
Key Terms 341 (1)
Introduction 341 (1)
Current Trends Continuing into the Future 342 (2)
Speculative Directions in Corrections 344 (11)
Conclusion 355 (2)
Discussion Questions 357 (1)
References 357 (4)
Index 361
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