Description
In this edited book, we highlight the central players in the Bionanotechnology field, which are the nanostructures and biomolecules. The book starts by describing how nanostructures are synthesized and by describing the wide variety of nanostructures available for biological research and applications. Also shown are the techniques used to synthesize a wide variety of biological molecules. Next, there is a focus on the assembly of nanostructures with biological molecules, which could lead to the design of multi-functional nanosystems. In the following chapters, examples of the unique properties of nanostructures are provided along with the current applications of these nanostructures in biology and medicine. Some applications include the use of gold nanoparticles in diagnostic applications, quantum dots and silica nanoparticles for imaging, and liposomes for drug delivery. In the final chapters of the book, the toxicity of nanostructures are described. This book provides broad examples of current developments in Bionanotechnology research and would be an excellent introduction to the field.
Table of Contents
Section I   Nanostructure and Biomolecule Synthesis
Preface

1    Synthetic Strategies to Size and Shape Controlled Nanocrystals and Nanocrystal Heterostructures P. Davide Cozzoli and Liberato Manna

     Introduction

     Colloidal Approaches: A Few General Concepts

     Size Control

     Shape Control

     Hybrid Nanocrystals

     Core-Shell Nanocrystals

     Nanocrystal Hetero-Oligomers

     Hybrid Nanocrystals Based on Rod-Like Sections

     Conclusions

2    Current Approaches for Engineering Proteins with Diverse Biological Properties Isaac T.S. Li and Elizabeth Pham and Kevin Truong

     Introduction

     Random Mutagenesis

     Site-Directed Mutagenesis

     Non-Canonical Amino Acid Substitution

     DNA Recombination

     Directed Evolution

     Fusion Proteins

     Circular Permutation

     Conclusions and Perspectives

Section II  Applications of Nanostructures

3    Past, Present, and Future of Gold Nanoparticles Travis Jennings and Geoffrey Strouse

     Introduction to Gold Nanoparticles

     Synthetic Routes of Materials Synthesis

     Optical and Electronic Properties

     Practical Uses of Gold Nanomaterials

     Conclusions

4    Multi-Functional Gold Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Gang Han and Partha Ghosh and Vincent M. Rotello

     Introduction

     Gold Nanoparticles as Nucleic Acid Delivery Vehicles

     Protein and Peptide Delivery Using Gold Nanoparticles

     Controlled Drug Release by Gold Nanoparticles

     Targeted Drug Delivery

     Conclusions

5    Quantum Dots for Cancer Molecular Imaging Xiaohu Gao and Shivang R. Dave

     Introduction

     Quantum Dot Photophysics and Chemistry

     Cancer Diagnostics with Quantum Dots

     Toxicity and Clinical Potential

     Conclusion

6    Carbon Nanostructures as a New High-Performance Platform for MR Molecular Imaging Keith B. Hartman and Lon J. Wilson

     Introduction

     A Primer in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

     Fullerene(C[subscript 60])-Based Contrast Agents

     Nanotube-Based Contrast Agents

     Molecular Targeting of Carbon Nanostructures

     Fullerene-Antibody Conjugates

     Closing Remarks

7    Magnetic Nanoparticle Assisted Molecular Mr Imaging Young-wook Jun and Jung-tak Jang and Jinwoo Cheon

     Introduction

     Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticle Probes

     Molecular MR Imaging Utilizing Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Probes

     Outlook

8    Patterning Metallic Nanoparticles by DNA Scaffolds Rahul Chhabra and Jaswinder Sharma and Yan Liu and Hao Yan

     Introduction

     DNA: As a Polymer

     Assembling AuNPs Using DNA Template-An Electrostatic Approach

     Self-Assembly of AuNPs on DNA Scaffold Using Covalent Au-DNA Conjugates

     One Dimensional AuNP Ensembles Templated by DNA

     Two Dimensional Arrays of AuNPs Using DNA as a Scaffold

     Conclusions

9    Liposomes in Biology and Medicine Reto A. Schwendener

     State of the Art of Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems

     Evolution of Liposomes in Cancer Therapy

     Outlook and Future Directions

10   Fluorescent Nanoparticle for Bacteria and DNA Detection Wenjun Zhao and Lin Wang and Weihong Tan

     Introduction

     NP Preparation and Bioconjugation

     Bioconjugated NPs for Bacteria Detection

     High-Throughput and Quantitative Detection of Bacteria

     Detection of Bacteria from Beef Samples

     Using Bioconjugated NPs to Detect DNA

     Challenges and Trends

11   Dendrimer 101 Lajos P. Balogh

     Brief History and Definitions

     Synthesis of Commercial Dendrimers

     Structural Diversities of Molecules in Dendrimer Materials

     Dendritic Properties

     Low Generation Dendrimer Molecules (LGD)

     High Generation Dendrimer Molecules (HGD)

     Medium Generation Dendrimer Molecules (MGD)

     Properties of Molecules; Good Solvent-Bad Solvent

     Protonation of Polyionic Dendrimers Results in Nanophase-Separation as a Function of pH

     Physical Properties of Dendrimer Materials

     Conclusions

Section III Toxicity of Nanostructures

12   Quantum Dots and Other Fluorescent Nanoparticles: Quo Vadis in the Cell? Dusica Maysinger and Jasmina Lovric

     Introduction

     Fluorescent Nanoparticles

     Nanoparticles as Potential Hazards

     Nanoparticles; Prospects

13   Toxicity Studies of Fullerenes and Derivatives Jelena Kolosnjaj and Henri Szwarc and Fathi Moussa

     Introduction

     Physical Properties

     Toxicity Studies of Pristine C[subscript 60]

     Toxicity Studies of Noncovalently Modified C[subscript 60]

     Toxicity of Covalently Modified C[subscript 60]

     Conclusion

14   Toxicity Studies of Carbon Nanotubes Jelena Kolosnjaj and Henri Szwarc and Fathi Moussa

     Introduction

     General Properties

     In Vitro Toxicity Studies on Pristine CNT

     In Vivo Toxicity Studies

     Conclusion

Index