Product Description
The only book that provides full coverage of UWB multiband OFDM technology
Ultra-wideband (UWB) has emerged as a technology that offers great promise to satisfy the growing demand for low-cost, high-speed digital networks. The enormous bandwidth available, the potential for high data rates, and the promise for small size and low processing power with reduced implementation cost all present a unique opportunity for UWB to become a widely adopted radio solution for future wireless home networking technology.
Ultra-Wideband Communications Systems is the first book to provide comprehensive coverage of the fundamental and advanced issues related to UWB technology, with a particular focus on multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (multiband OFDM). The multiband OFDM approach was a leading method in the IEEE 802.15.3astandard and has recently been standardized by ECMA International. The book also explores several major advanced state-of-the-art technologies to enhance the performance of the standardized multiband OFDM approach.
CONTENTS
Preface xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview of UWB, 1
1.2 Advantages of UWB, 3
1.3 UWB Applications, 4
1.4 UWB Transmission Schemes, 5
1.5 Challenges for UWB, 7
Chapter 2 Channel Characteristics 9
2.1 Large-Scale Models, 10
2.1.1 Path Loss Models, 10
2.1.2 Shadowing, 11
2.2 Small-Scale Models, 12
2.2.1 Tap-Delay-Line Fading Model, 13
2.2.2  − K Model, 14
2.2.3 Saleh?Valenzuela Model, 15
2.2.4 Standard UWB Channel Model, 16
Chapter 3 UWB: Single-Band Approaches 19
3.1 Overview of Single-Band Approaches, 20
3.2 Modulation Techniques, 21
3.2.1 Pulse Amplitude Modulation, 21
3.2.2 On?Off Keying, 22
3.2.3 Phase Shift Keying, 22
3.2.4 Pulse Position Modulation, 23
3.3 Multiple Access Techniques, 23
3.3.1 Time-Hopping UWB, 24
3.3.2 Direct-Sequence UWB, 25
vii
viii CONTENTS
3.4 Demodulation Techniques, 26
3.4.1 Received Signal Model, 26
3.4.2 Correlation Receiver, 27
3.4.3 RAKE Receiver, 28
3.5 MIMO Single-Band UWB, 30
3.5.1 MIMO Space?Time-Coded Systems, 30
3.5.2 Space?Time-Coded UWB Systems, 32
3.6 Performance Analysis, 37
3.6.1 TH-BPPM, 38
3.6.2 TH-BPSK, 41
3.6.3 DS-BPSK, 42
3.7 Simulation Results, 44
3.8 Chapter Summary, 51
Chapter 4 UWB: Multiband OFDM Approach 53
4.1 Overview of Multiband OFDM Approach, 54
4.1.1 Fundamental Concepts, 54
4.1.2 Signal Model, 56
4.2 IEEE 802.15.3a WPAN Standard Proposal, 57
4.2.1 OFDM Parameters, 57
4.2.2 Rate-Dependent Parameters, 58
4.2.3 Operating Band Frequencies, 59
4.2.4 Channelization, 60
4.3 Physical Layer Design, 61
4.3.1 Scrambler and De-scrambler, 62
4.3.2 Convolutional Encoder and Viterbi
Decoder, 62
4.3.3 Bit Interleaver and De-interleaver, 63
4.3.4 Constellation Mapper, 67
4.3.5 OFDM Modulation, 67
4.4 MAC Layer Design, 69
4.4.1 Network Topology, 69
4.4.2 Frame Architecture, 71
4.4.3 Network Operations, 72
4.5 Chapter Summary, 73
Chapter 5 MIMO Multiband OFDM 75
5.1 MIMO-OFDM Communications, 76
5.2 MIMO Multiband OFDM System Model, 78
CONTENTS ix
5.2.1 Transmitter Description, 78
5.2.2 Channel Model, 80
5.2.3 Receiver Processing, 80
5.3 Performance Analysis, 82
5.3.1 Independent Fading, 83
5.3.2 Correlated Fading, 86
5.4 Simulation Results, 89
5.5 Chapter Summary, 94
Chapter 6 Performance Characterization 97
6.1 System Model, 98
6.2 Performance Analysis, 99
6.2.1 Average PEP Analysis, 100
6.2.2 Approximate PEP Formulation, 102
6.2.3 Outage Probability, 106
6.3 Analysis for MIMO Multiband OFDM
Systems, 110
6.3.1 MIMO Multiband OFDM System
Model, 110
6.3.2 Pairwise Error Probability, 111
6.3.3 Example: Repetition STF Coding Based
on Alamouti’s Structure, 113
6.4 Simulation Results, 114
6.5 Chapter Summary, 120
Chapter 7 Performance Under Practical Considerations 121
7.1 System Model, 122
7.2 Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio, 124
7.2.1 Expressions of Fading Term, ICI, and
ISI, 124
7.2.2 Variances of Fading Term, ICI, and ISI, 127
7.2.3 Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio and
Performance Degradation, 132
7.3 Average Bit Error Rate, 132
7.3.1 Overall Spreading Gain of 1, 134
7.3.2 Overall Spreading Gain of 2, 136
7.3.3 Overall Spreading Gain of 4, 137
7.4 Performance Bound, 140
7.5 Numerical and Simulation Results, 143
7.5.1 Numerical Results, 143
x CONTENTS
7.5.2 Simulation and Numerical Results, 145
7.6 Chapter Summary, 147
Appendix: Derivations of A1, A2, B1, and B2, 148
A.1 Derivation of A1 and A2, 149
A.2 Derivation of B1 and B2, 151
Chapter 8 Differential Multiband OFDM 155
8.1 Differential Modulation, 156
8.1.1 Single-Antenna Systems, 156
8.1.2 MIMO Systems, 157
8.2 Differential Scheme for Multiband OFDM
Systems, 159
8.2.1 System Model, 159
8.2.2 Differential Encoding and Transmitting
Signal Structure, 160
8.2.3 Multiband Differential Decoding, 162
8.3 Pairwise Error Probability, 163
8.4 Simulation Results, 166
8.5 Chapter Summary, 169
Chapter 9 Power-Controlled Channel Allocation 171
9.1 System Model, 172
9.2 Power-Controlled Channel Allocation Scheme, 174
9.2.1 Generalized SNR for Various Transmission
Modes, 175
9.2.2 PER and Rate Constraint, 176
9.2.3 Problem Formulation, 177
9.2.4 Subband Assignment and Power Allocation
Algorithm, 178
9.2.5 Joint Rate Assignment and Resource
Allocation Algorithm, 179
9.3 Simulation Results, 182
9.3.1 Subband Assignment and Power
Allocation, 182
9.3.2 Joint Rate Assignment and Resource
Allocation, 185
9.4 Chapter Summary, 186
Chapter 10 Cooperative UWB Multiband OFDM 189
10.1 Cooperative Communications, 190
CONTENTS xi
10.2 System Model, 191
10.2.1 Noncooperative UWB, 192
10.2.2 Cooperative UWB, 193
10.3 SER Analysis for Cooperative UWB, 194
10.3.1 Cooperative UWB, 194
10.3.2 Comparison of Cooperative and
Noncooperative UWB, 199
10.4 Optimum Power Allocation for Cooperative
UWB, 201
10.4.1 Power Minimization Using Cooperative
Communications, 201
10.4.2 Coverage Enhancement Using Cooperative
Communications, 205
10.5 Improved Cooperative UWB, 208
10.6 Simulation Results, 212
10.7 Chapter Summary, 215
References 217
Index 227