This book develops concepts and a methodology for a rational description of the organization of three-dimensional flows considering, in particular, the case where the flow is the place of separations. The descriptive analysis based on the critical point theory of Poincare develops conventional but rather unfamiliar considerations from aerodynamicists, who face the understanding of complex flows including multiple separation lines and vortices. These problems concern industrial sectors where aerodynamics plays a key role, such as aerospace, ground vehicles, buildings, etc. Contents 1. Skin Friction Lines Pattern and Critical Points. 2. Separation Streamsurfaces and Vortex Structures. 3. Separated Flow on a Body. 4. Vortex Wake of Wings and Slender Bodies. 5. Separation Induced by an Obstacle or a Blunt Body. 6. Reconsideration of the Two-Dimensional Separation. 7. Concluding Remarks. About the Authors Jean Delery is a Supaero (French National Higher School of Aeronautics and Space) engineer who has worked at Onera (French national aerospace research center) since 1964.He has participated in several major French and European aerospace programs, is the author of many scientific publications, and has occupied various teaching positions particularly at Supaero, the University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Ecole polytechnique in France and La Sapienza University in Rome, Italy. He is currently emeritus adviser at Onera.
Introduction ix
Chapter 1 Skin Friction Lines Pattern and 1 (26)
Critical Points
1.1 Basic properties of the 1 (4)
three-dimensional boundary layer
1.2 Skin friction lines and surface flow 5 (3)
pattern
1.3 Critical points of the skin friction 8 (16)
line pattern
1.3.1 General solution and the 8 (6)
eigenvalue problem
1.3.2 The different critical points 14 (10)
1.4 Critical points of the wall vorticity 24 (3)
lines
Chapter 2 Separation Streamsurfaces and 27 (20)
Vortex Structures
2.1 Generalization to the flow field and 27 (5)
three-dimensional critical points
2.2 Separation and attachment lines 32 (4)
2.3 Streamsurfaces of separation and 36 (4)
attachment
2.4 Vortical structures 40 (2)
2.5 Some properties of a vortical 42 (5)
structure
Chapter 3 Separated Flow on a Body 47 (22)
3.1 Basic rules and definitions 47 (2)
3.2 General definition: the basic 49 (7)
separated structures
3.3 Field associated with a separation 56 (6)
with one saddle point and three nodes:
the horseshoe vortex
3.4 Field associated with a separation 62 (7)
with one point and two foci: the
tornado-like vortex
Chapter 4 Vortex Wake of Wings and Slender 69 (22)
Bodies
4.1 Vortical structures over a delta wing 69 (8)
4.2 Vortical flow over a slender body 77 (5)
4.3 Vortex wake of a classical wing 82 (9)
4.3.1 Topological description 82 (6)
4.3.2 A scenario for the origin of 88 (3)
vortices on a wing
Chapter 5 Separation Induced by an Obstacle 91 (30)
or a Blunt Body
5.1 Separation in front of an obstacle 91 (6)
5.2 Flow induced by an obstacle of finite 97 (6)
height or protuberance
5.3 Separation on a non-propelled 103(7)
afterbody
5.4 The flow past an automobile 110(11)
5.4.1 The surface flow pattern 110(6)
5.4.2 Separation surfaces 116(5)
Chapter 6 Reconsideration of the 121(22)
Two-Dimensional Separation
6.1 Some definitions: a reminder 121(2)
6.2 Two-dimensional separation 123(1)
6.3 Special critical points 123(8)
6.4 Three-dimensional structure of a 131(1)
two-dimensional separated flow
6.5 Axisymmetric afterbody 131(12)
Chapter 7 Concluding Remarks 143(4)
Bibliography 147(4)
List of Symbols 151(2)
Index 153
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