An ideal power system operation is the pinnacle of safety, reliability, and efficiency. In Practical Power System Operation, Ebrahim Vaahedi addresses system operators' viewpoints in handling power system operation issues, a holistic approach that electrical textbooks rarely take. The book covers developments in the energy landscape, energy management systems, and distribution management systems with practical applications that meet architecture and infra-structure requirements. Professional engineers and engineering students at all levels can benefit from an expert's unique perspective on efficient power systems. BC Hydro has included this book as part of the operator training material provided to new operators. If you are an instructor and would like the solutions manual for this text, please send a request to ieeeproposals@wiley.com.
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
General Introduction xv
1 Introduction 1 (5)
1.1 Overview of Power System Operation 1 (1)
1.2 Operator 2 (1)
1.3 Process 3 (1)
1.4 Technology 4 (1)
1.5 Power System Operation Criteria 4 (1)
1.6 Outline of the Book 5 (1)
2 Power System Monitoring 6 (15)
2.1 Operator Function in Power System 6 (1)
Monitoring
2.2 Process for Power System Monitoring 6 (2)
2.3 Technology for Power System Monitoring 8 (8)
2.3.1 The Role of System Control and Data 8 (2)
Acquisition (SCADA)
2.3.2 State Estimation 10 (1)
2.3.3 Least Square Method for State 11 (5)
Estimation
2.4 Bad Data Identification 16 (3)
2.5 Observability 19 (1)
Questions and Problems 19 (2)
3 Power System Scenario Analysis 21 (27)
3.1 Operator Function in Power System 21 (1)
Scenario Analysis
3.2 Process for Power System Scenario Analysis 21 (1)
3.3 Technology for Power System Control 22 (25)
3.3.1 Infrastructure for Power System 22 (4)
Control
3.3.2 Technology for Power System Scenario 26 (1)
Analysis: Power Flow
3.3.3 System Modeling 27 (2)
3.3.4 Power Flow Techniques 29 (13)
3.3.5 Factorization 42 (3)
3.3.6 Sparsity 45 (1)
3.3.7 Different Power Flow Scenarios and 46 (1)
Applications
Questions and Problems 47 (1)
4 Power System Posturing: Static Security 48 (14)
4.1 Operator's Question on Power System 48 (1)
Posturing: Static Security
4.2 Process for Power System Posturing: 48 (1)
Static Security
4.3 Technology for Power System Posturing: 49 (11)
Static Security
4.3.1 Contingency Analysis 49 (1)
4.3.2 Contingency Definition 50 (1)
4.3.3 Contingency Selection 51 (5)
4.3.4 Contingency Evaluation 56 (4)
4.3.5 Implementation of Remedial Action 60 (1)
Schemes
Questions and Problems 60 (2)
5 Power System Posturing: Angular Stability 62 (26)
5.1 Operator's Question on Power System 62 (1)
Posturing: Angular Stability
5.2 Process for Power System Posturing: 62 (3)
Angular Stability
5.3 Technology for Power System Posturing: 65 (20)
Angular Stability
5.3.1 Angular Stability Assessment 65 (3)
5.3.2 Power System Stability 68 (1)
5.3.3 Angular Stability 68 (1)
5.3.4 Transient Stability 68 (1)
5.3.5 Small System 69 (2)
5.3.6 Integration Methods 71 (3)
5.3.7 Equal-Area Criteria Method 74 (7)
5.3.8 Models for Other Components 81 (1)
5.3.9 Multimachine System 81 (1)
5.3.10 Small-Signal Stability 82 (1)
5.3.11 Angular Stability Limit Derivation 83 (2)
5.4 Implementation of Angular Stability Limits 85 (1)
Questions and Problems 86 (2)
6 Power System Posturing: Voltage Stability 88 (17)
6.1 Operator's Question on Power System 88 (1)
Posturing: Voltage Stability
6.2 Process for Power System Posturing: 88 (3)
Voltage Stability
6.3 Technology for Power System Posturing: 91 (8)
Voltage Stability
6.3.1 Voltage Stability Assessment 91 (8)
6.4 Voltage Stability Limit Derivation and 99 (4)
Implementation
6.4.1 Voltage Stability Limit Derivation 99 (1)
6.4.2 Implementation of Voltage Stability 100 (3)
Limits
Questions and Problems 103 (2)
7 Power System Generation Load Balance 105 (14)
7.1 Operator's Question on Generation Load 105 (1)
Balance
7.2 Process for Generation Load Balance 105 (6)
7.2.1 Introduction 105 (3)
7.2.2 NERC Standards for Automatic 108 (1)
Generation Control
7.2.3 Process for Automatic Generation 109 (2)
Control
7.3 Technology for Generation Load Balance 111 (6)
7.3.1 Automatic Generation Control 111 (4)
Application
7.3.2 Automatic Generation Control 115 (1)
Infrastructure
7.3.3 Example on AGC Operation 116 (1)
Questions and Problems 117 (2)
8 Power System Operation Optimization 119 (32)
8.1 Operator's Question on Power System 119 (1)
Operation Optimization
8.2 Process for Power System Generation 120 (3)
Operation
8.2.1 Introduction 120 (1)
8.2.2 Utility Model 120 (3)
8.3 Process for Generation Sufficiency 123 (1)
8.3.1 Generation Sufficiency Process for 123 (1)
Operations Planning
8.3.2 Generation Sufficiency Process for 123 (1)
Near Real Time
8.3.3 Generation Sufficiency Process for 124 (1)
Real Time
8.4 Technology for Generation Sufficiency 124 (25)
8.4.1 Generation Sufficiency Applications 125 (23)
8.4.2 Generation Sufficiency Infrastructure 148 (1)
Questions and Problems 149 (2)
9 System Operation Control Centers 151 (10)
9.1 Introduction 151 (1)
9.2 Modern Control Center Attributes 151 (3)
9.3 Control Center Redundancy Configuration 154 (1)
9.4 Modern Control Center Configuration 155 (1)
9.5 Modern Control Center Design Details 156 (3)
Questions and Problems 159 (2)
10 Energy Management Systems 161 (15)
10.1 Introduction 161 (1)
10.2 EMS Functionality Overview 162 (3)
10.2.1 System Monitoring 163 (1)
10.2.2 Decision Support Systems 164 (1)
10.2.3 EMS Control Actions 164 (1)
10.3 Energy Management System Availability 165 (9)
Criteria and Architecture
10.3.1 Hardware Overview 166 (2)
10.3.2 Software Overview 168 (3)
10.3.3 Application Sequencing in EMS 171 (1)
10.3.4 Software Integration 172 (2)
Questions and Problems 174 (2)
11 Distribution Management System 176 (17)
11.1 Introduction 176 (1)
11.2 DMS Functionality Overview 177 (9)
11.2.1 System Monitoring 179 (2)
11.2.2 Decision Support Systems 181 (5)
11.2.3 DMS Control Actions 186 (1)
11.3 Distribution Management System 186 (6)
Architecture
11.3.1 Hardware Overview 186 (1)
11.3.2 Software Overview 187 (2)
11.3.3 Application Integration with DMS 189 (3)
Questions and Problems 192 (1)
12 Evolving Power System Operation Solutions 193 (18)
12.1 Introduction 193 (1)
12.2 Evolving Operation Solutions 193 (18)
12.2.1 Online Transient Stability 193 (3)
12.2.2 Online Voltage Stability 196 (1)
12.2.3 Total Transfer Capability Calculator 197 (4)
12.2.4 Transmission Outage Scheduling System 201 (1)
12.2.5 Synchrophasor Systems 202 (2)
12.2.6 Distribution Automation 204 (1)
12.2.7 Dynamic Thermal Rating Systems 205 (1)
12.2.8 Distributed Energy Resources 205 (1)
12.2.9 Demand Response 206 (1)
12.2.10 Microgrid 207 (1)
12.2.11 Real-Time Posturing and Control 208 (1)
12.2.12 Critical System Application and 208 (1)
Facilities Heartbeat
12.2.13 Probabilistic Limit Calculations 208 (2)
12.2.14 Managing Critical Operations 210 (1)
Knowledge: Operations Code Book
Appendix A Preliminary Concepts 211 (8)
A.1 Introduction 211 (1)
A.2 Phasor Representation 211 (2)
A.3 Per-Unit Representation 213 (2)
A.4 Matrix Algebra 215 (1)
A.5 Steady-State Component Modeling 216 (3)
A.5.1 Transmission Lines 216 (1)
A.5.2 Transformers and Phase Shifters 217 (1)
A.5.3 Generators 218 (1)
A.5.4 Shunts and Synchronous Condensers 218 (1)
A.5.5 Loads 218 (1)
A.5.6 Network Equations 218 (1)
References 219 (5)
Index 224
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