Chapter 2
Bipolar Junction Transistors 109
2.1 Physical Structure of the BJT 112
2.2 Basic BJT Operation 117
2.3 The i-v Characteristics of BJTs 130
2.4 Operating Regions and BJT Models 137
2.5 The BJT as an Amplifier/Switch 150
2.6 Small-Signal Operation of the BJT 157
2.7 BJT Biasing for Amplifier Design 169
2.8 Basic Bipolar Voltage Amplifiers 177
2.9 Bipolar Voltage and Current Buffers 189
Appendix 2A: SPICE Models for BJTs 201
References 203
Problems 203
Chapter 3
MOS Field-Effect Transistors 221
3.1 Physical Structure of the MOSFET 224
3.2 The Threshold Voltage Vt 226
3.3 The n-Channel Characteristic 237
3.4 The i-v Characteristics of MOSFETs 247
3.5 MOSFETs in Resistive Dc Circuits 259
3.6 The MOSFET as an Amplifier/Switch 273
3.7 Small-Signal Operation of the MOSFET 282
3.8 Basic MOSFET Voltage Amplifiers 290
3.9 MOSFET Voltage and Current Buffers 300
3.10 The CMOS Inverter/Amplifier '306
Appendix 3A: SPICE Models for MOSFETs 314
References 316
Problems 316
Chapter 4
Building Blocks for Analog Integrated Circuits 332
4.1 Design Considerations in Monolithic Circuits 334
4.2 BJT Characteristics and Models Revisited 342
4.3 MOSFET Characteristics and Models Revisited 357
4.4 Darlington, Cascode, and Cascade Configurations 371
4.5 Differential Pairs 386
4.6 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio in Differential Pairs 396
4.7 Input Offset Voltage/Current in Differential Pairs 404
4.8 Current Mirrors 409
4.9 Differential Pairs with Active Loads 421
4.10 Bipolar Output Stages 432
4.11 CMOS Output Stages 440
Appendix 4A: Editing SPICE Netlists 445
References 446
Problems 446
Chapter 5
Analog Integrated Circuits 472
5.1 The μA741 Operational Amplifier 473
5.2 TheTwo-Stage CMOS Operational Amplifier 487
5.3 The Folded-Cascode CMOS Operational Amplifier 495
5.4 Voltage Comparators 501
5.5 Current and Voltage References 510
5.6 Current-Mode Integrated Circuits 521
5.7 Fully Differential Operational Amplifiers 532
5.8 Switched-Capacitor Circuits 541
Appendix 5A: SPICE Macro-Models 553
References 554
Problems 554
Chapter 6
Frequency and Time Responses 564
6.1 High-Frequency BJT Model 566
6.2 High-Frequency MOSFET Model 574
6.3 Frequency Response of CE/CS Amplifiers 581
6.4 Frequency Response of Differential Amplifiers 592
6.5 Bipolar Voltage and Current Buffers 599
6.6 MOS Voltage and Current Buffers 606
6.7 Open-Circuit Time-Constant (OCTC) Analysis 612
6.8 Frequency Response of Cascode Amplifiers 623
6.9 Frequency and Transient Responses of Op Amps 629
6.10 Diode Switching Transients 639
6.11 BJT Switching Transients 644
6.12 Transient Response of CMOS Gates and Voltage Comparators 652
Appendix 6A: Transfer Functions and Bode Plots 665
References 672
Problems 672
Chapter 7
Feedback, Stability, and Noise 685
7.1 Negative-Feedback Basics 688
7.2 Effect of Feedback on Distortion, Noise, and Bandwidth 695
7.3 Feedback Topologies and Closed-Loop I/O Resistances 704
7.4 Practical Configurations and the Effect of Loading 714
7.6 Return Ratio Analysis 741
7.6 Blackman's Impedance Formula and Injection Methods 755
7.7 Stability in Negative-Feedback Circuits 762
7.8 Dominant-Pole Compensation 772
7.9 Frequency Compensation of Monolithic Op Amps 780
7.10 Noise 795
References 811
Problems 811
Index 827