The incorporation of nanomaterials into products can improve performance, efficiency, and durability in various fields ranging from construction, energy management, catalysis, microelectronics, plastics, coatings, and paints to consumer articles such as foods and cosmetics. But innovation never comes at zero risk. The potential hazards resulting from human exposure during production, use, or disposal has raised concerns and targeted research early on. Safety of Nanomaterials along Their Lifecycle: Release, Exposure, and Human Hazards presents the state of the art in nanosafety research from a lifecycle perspective. Although major knowledge gaps still exist, solid data are now available to identify scenarios of critical risk as well as those of safe nanomaterial use for our benefit. The book is divided into four parts: characterization, hazard, release and exposure, and real-life case studies. To improve coherence throughout the book, various chapters review the same suite of well-characterized, judiciously chosen, and identical industrial nanomaterials.The book is a helpful resource to professionals in product development, industrial design, regulatory agencies, and materials scientists and engineers involved in the safety of nanomaterials.
Perspectives ix
A Guide to the Reader xvii
Acknowledgments xxiii
Contributors xxv
Section I Characterization
Chapter 1 As-Produced: Intrinsic 3 (22)
Physico-Chemical Properties and Appropriate
Characterization Tools
Emilia Izak-Nau
Matthias Voetz
Chapter 2 Characterization Methods for the 25 (22)
Determination of Inhalation Exposure to
Airborne Nanomaterials
Christof Asbach
Chapter 3 Classification Strategies for 47 (12)
Regulatory Nanodefinitions
Wendel Wohlleben
Philipp M?ller
Chapter 4 Analyzing the Biological Entity of 59 (40)
Nanomaterials: Characterization of
Nanomaterial Properties in Biological Matrices
Christian A. Ruge
Marc D. Driessen
Andrea Haase
Ulrich F. Schaer
Andreas Luch
Claus-Michael Lehr
Section II Hazard Assessment for Humans
Chapter 5 Lessons Learned from Unintentional 99 (12)
Aerosols
Joseph Brain
Chapter 6 Lessons Learned from Pharmaceutical 111 (26)
Nanomaterials
Emad Malaeksefat
Sarah Barthold
Brigitta Loretz
Claus-Michael Lehr
Chapter 7 Measurement of Nanoparticle Uptake 137 (22)
by Alveolar Macrophages: A New Approach Based
on Quantitative Image Analysis
Darius Schippritt
Hans-Gerd Lipinski
Martin Wiemann
Chapter 8 Toxicological Effects of Metal 159 (32)
Oxide Nanomaterials
Daniela Hahn
Martin Wiemann
Andrea Haase
Rainer Ossig
Francesca Alessandrini
Lan Ma-Hock
Robert Landsiedel
Marlies Nern
Antje Vennemann
Marc D. Driessen
Andreas Luch
Elke Dopp
JUrgen Schnekenburger
Chapter 9 Toxicological Effects of Metal 191 (22)
Nanomaterials
Rainer Ossig
Daniela Hahn
Martin Wiemann
Marc D. Driessen
Andrea Haase
Andreas Luch
Antje Vennemann
Elke Dopp
Marlies Nern
J?rgen Schnekenburger
Chapter 10 Uptake and Effects of Carbon 213 (20)
Nanotubes
James C. Bonner
Section III Emission and Exposure along the
Lifecycle
Chapter 11 Measurement and Monitoring 233 (14)
Strategy for Assessing Workplace Exposure to
Airborne Nanomaterials
Christof Asbach
Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch
Burkhard Stahlmecke
Heinz Kaminski
Heinz J. Kiesling
Matthias Voetz
Dirk Dahmann
Uwe Gotz
Nico Dziurowitz
Sabine Plitzko
Chapter 12 Release from Composites by 247 (30)
Mechanical and Thermal Treatment: Test Methods
Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch
Heinz Kaminski
Chapter 13 Field and Laboratory Measurements 277 (38)
Related to Occupational and Consumer Exposures
Derk Brouwer
Eelco Kuijpers
Cindy Bekker
Christof Asbach
Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch
Chapter 14 Mechanisms of Aging and Release 315 (20)
from Weathered Nanocomposites
Tinh Nguyen
Wendel Wohlleben
Lipiin Sung
Chapter 15 Emissions from Consumer Products 335 (22)
Containing Engineered Nanomaterials over
Their Lifecycle
Bernd Nowack
Section IV Integrating Case Studies on Methods
and Materials
Chapter 16 Concern-Driven Safety Assessment 357 (24)
of Nanomaterials: An Integrated Approach
Using Material Properties, Hazard,
Biokinetic, and Exposure Data and
Considerations on Grouping and Read-Across
Agnes Oomen
Peter Bos
Robert Landsiedel
Chapter 17 Case Study: Paints and Lacquers 381 (18)
with Silica Nanoparticles
Keld A. Jensen
Anne T Saber
Chapter 18 Case Study: The Lifecycle of 399 (18)
Conductive Plastics Based on Carbon Nanotubes
Richard Canady
Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch
Chapter 19 Case Study: Challenges in Human 417 (20)
Health Hazard and Risk Assessment of
Nanoscale Silver
Christian Riebeling
Carsten Kneuer
Index 437