LTE (long-term evolution) mobile communication system is offering high bitrates in IP communications. Fourth Generation Mobile Communications/LTE describes various aspects of LTE as well as the change of paradigm, which it is bringing to mobile communications. The book is a vital resource for the entire mobile communication community. Coverage includes: LTE standards and architecture, Radio access sub-system, Signaling on the radio path, Macrocells, microcells, femtocells, SIM card and security, SIM card description, GPS driven applications, The Apple model, and much more more.
List Of Figures xi
List Of Tables xix
Introduction xxi
Chapter 1 LTE Standards And Architecture 1 (112)
1.1 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 1 (9)
1.1.1 3GPP history 1 (2)
1.1.2 3GPP, the current organization 3 (5)
1.1.3 3GPP releases 8 (2)
1.2 LTE ? numbering and addressing 10 (3)
1.2.1 The network IDs 11 (1)
1.2.2 The MME IDs 11 (1)
1.2.3 The tracking area IDs 11 (1)
1.2.4 The Cell IDs 12 (1)
1.2.5 The mobile equipment ID 12 (1)
1.3 LTE architecture overview 13 (13)
1.3.1 Overall high level description of LTE 14 (8)
1.3.2 LTE performance 22 (1)
1.3.3 LTE ? QoS architecture 23 (1)
1.3.4 FDD, TDD, LTE advanced 23 (1)
1.3.5 Frequencies for LTE 24 (1)
1.3.6 Basic parameters of LTE 25 (1)
1.4 Radio access subsystem: eUTRAN (also 26 (28)
called eUTRA)
1.4.1 LTE visualization tool from Rohde and 28 (1)
Schwartz
1.4.2 eUTRAN characteristics 28 (2)
1.4.3 eUTRAN interfaces 30 (5)
1.4.4 Signaling on the radio path 35 (11)
1.4.5 Physical layer 46 (3)
1.4.6 RLC and MAC layer 49 (2)
1.4.7 Dynamic radio resource management in 51 (1)
LTE
1.4.8 MIMO 52 (1)
1.4.9 Macrocells, microcells and femtocells 53 (1)
1.5 Core network 54 (29)
1.5.1 LTE network elements 57 (2)
1.5.2 LTE interfaces [TS 23.401] 59 (10)
1.5.3 Functional split between the E-UTRAN 69 (1)
and the EPC
1.5.4 S1 interface-based handover 70 (13)
1.6 LTE ? roaming architecture 83 (6)
1.6.1 LTE network mobility management 87 (2)
1.7 SIM for communications privacy 89 (7)
1.7.1 SIM 89 (6)
1.7.2 USIM 95 (1)
1.7.3 ISIM 96 (1)
1.8 Glossary 96 (2)
1.9 Appendix 1: Complete submission of 3GPP 98 (4)
LTE release 10 and beyond (LTE-advanced)
under step 3 of the IMT-advanced process
1.9.1 Summary of the candidate submission 98 (2)
1.9.2 Classification of the candidate 100(1)
submission
1.9.3 Detailed checklist for the required 100(2)
elements for each candidate RIT within the
composite SRIT and/or for the composite
SRIT of the candidate submission (to
fulfill section 3.1 of ITU-R Report M.2133)
1.9.4 Additional supporting information 102(1)
1.9.5 Contact person 102(1)
1.10 Appendix 2: GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) 102(5)
1.11 Appendix 3: The SGW implementation by 107(3)
CISCO
1.12 Appendix 4: AT&T has LTE small cells "in 110(3)
the lab": Source Dan Janes, Site Editor,
Light Reading mobile [JON 13]
Chapter 2 OFDMA 113(46)
2.1 What is OFDM/OFDMA? 113(5)
2.1.1 Claimed OFDMA advantages 115(1)
2.1.2 Recognized disadvantages of OFDMA 116(1)
2.1.3 Characteristics and principles of 117(1)
operation
2.2 General principles 118(6)
2.2.1 Cyclic prefixes 122(2)
2.3 LTE channel: bandwidths and 124(8)
characteristics
2.3.1 LTE OFDM cyclic prefix, CP 125(1)
2.3.2 LTE OFDMA in the downlink 126(1)
2.3.3 Downlink carriers and resource blocks 127(1)
2.3.4 LTE SC-FDMA in the uplink 128(2)
2.3.5 Transmitter and receiver structure of 130(2)
LP-OFDMA/SC-FDMA
2.4 OFDM applied to LTE 132(6)
2.4.1 General facts 132(1)
2.4.2 LTE downlink 133(3)
2.4.3 Uplink 136(2)
2.5 OFDMA in the LTE radio subsystem: OFDMA 138(5)
and SCFDMA in LTE
2.5.1 The downlink physical-layer 138(1)
processing of transport channels
2.5.2 Downlink multi-antenna transmission 139(1)
2.5.3 Uplink basic transmission scheme 140(1)
2.5.4 Physical-layer processing 141(2)
2.6 Appendix 1: the constraints of mobile 143(10)
radio
2.6.1 Doppler effect 144(1)
2.6.2 Rayleigh/Rice fading 145(6)
2.6.3 Area of service 151(2)
2.6.4 Shadow effect 153(1)
2.7 Appendix 2: Example of OFDM/OFDMA 153(1)
technological implementation Innovative DSP
2.8 Appendix 3: LTE error correction on the 154(3)
radio path [WIK 14d]
2.8.1 Hybrid ARQ with soft combining 156(1)
2.9 Appendix 4: The 700 MHz frequencies in 157(2)
the USA for LTE
2.9.1 Upper and lower 700 MHz 158(1)
Chapter 3 The Full IP Core Network 159(48)
3.1 Fixed mobile convergence 159(1)
3.2 IP multimedia subsystem 160(22)
3.2.1 General description of IMS 160(2)
3.2.2 Session Initiation Protocol 162(1)
3.2.3 IMS components and interfaces 163(19)
3.3 Evolved packet system in 3GPP standards 182(10)
3.3.1 Policy and charging rules function 182(2)
3.3.2 Release 8 system architecture 184(8)
evolution and evolved packet system
3.4 Telephony processing 192(3)
3.4.1 Enhanced voice quality 192(1)
3.4.2 Circuit-switched fallback (CSFB) 192(1)
3.4.3 Simultaneous voice and LTE (SVLTE) 192(1)
3.4.4 Over-The-Top (OTT) applications 193(2)
3.5 The requirements of VoLTE and V.VoIP 195(1)
applications
3.6 Voice and video over LTE are achieved 196(5)
using voice on IP channels (VoLTE)
3.7 Cut down version of IMS 201(1)
3.8 Latency management 202(3)
3.9 Appendix 1: VoIP tests in UK 205(2)
Chapter 4 LTE Security. SIM/USIM Subsystem 207(32)
4.1 LTE security 207(9)
4.1.1 Principles of LTE security 209(1)
4.1.2 LTE EPC security 210(4)
4.1.3 Interfaces protection 214(1)
4.1.4 Femtocells and relays 215(1)
4.1.5 Specifications 215(1)
4.2 SIM card 216(23)
4.2.1 SIM-lock 218(1)
4.2.2 Electronic component of the UICC 219(1)
4.2.3 Form factor 219(2)
4.2.4 SIM card physical interface 221(1)
4.2.5 UICC communication protocol 221(2)
4.2.6 Operating system (OS) and virtual 223(1)
machines
4.2.7 (U)SIM authentication 224(1)
4.2.8 LTE USIM 225(1)
4.2.9 ISIM 226(2)
4.2.10 Over the Air Activation (OTA) 228(1)
4.2.11 Security services 228(1)
4.2.12 USIM directories 228(9)
4.2.13 The UICC/SIM/USIM/ISIM industry 237(1)
4.2.14 EAP-SIM and EAP 237(2)
Appendix 239(14)
Bibliography 253(4)
Index 257
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