Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics features cutting-edge articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains. It features contributions from leading authorities. It includes informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field.
Preface ix
Future Contributions xi
Contributors xv
1 Small Angle Scatter with Correlation, 1 (112)
Scatter and Intermediate Functions
Jay Theodore Cremer, Jr.
1 Overview of Scatter: Neutron and X-ray 2 (4)
Small-angle Scatter in Perspective
2 Neutron and X-ray Scatter Amplitude 6 (4)
from Non-Bravais Lattice Crystal
3 Neutron and X-ray Scatter Intensity 10 (3)
from Non-Bravais Lattice Crystal
4 Small-angle Scatter: Scatter Length 13 (4)
Density and Particle Structure Factor
5 Small-angle Scatter: Scatter Amplitudes 17 (6)
and Intensity
6 The Rayleigh-Gans Equation, Babinet's 23 (4)
Principle, and Differential Cross Sections
7 Random Variables: Correlation and 27 (2)
Independence
8 The Scattering Vector Resolution of 29 (2)
SANS Instruments for Neutrons and X-rays
9 Macroscopic Differential Cross Section: 31 (6)
Scatter Length Density Convolution and
Correlation
10 The Pair Correlation Function 37 (5)
11 The Macroscopic Differential Cross 42 (3)
Section for Elastic Scatter Expressed By
Intermediate Function, and Fourier
Transform of Patterson Function
12 Scatter Function for Elastic and 45 (4)
Inelastic Scatter from Sample Solute
Particles Obtained from Neutron (X-ray),
Sample-Averaged Scatter Intensity
13 Sample-averaged Scatter Intensity 49 (3)
Versus Scattering Vector q for the
Guinier, Intermediate, and Porod Regimes
14 Small-angle Scatter: Measurement of 52 (4)
Solute Particle Size and Shape---Guinier
Regime
15 Small-angle Scatter from Spherical 56 (3)
Particles---Guinier Regime
16 Small-angle Scatter from Particles of 59 (3)
Various Shapes, Log-log Plots, Method of
Contrast Variation---Guinier Regime
17 Small-angle Scatter---Intermediate 62 (3)
Regime and Porod Regime
18 Small-Angle Scatter---Porod Regime and 65 (3)
Porod's Law
19 Neutron Incoherent Scatter: Solution 68 (8)
of the Diffusion Equation with
Self-Correlation and Incoherent Scatter
Functions, Measurable by Small-angle
Scatter
20 Neutron Coherent Partial Differential 76 (6)
Cross Section: The Scatter Function and
the Principle of Detailed Balance
21 The Coherent and Incoherent Pair 82 (4)
Correlation Function, Intermediate
Function, and Scatter Function: the
Static Approximation
22 The Particle Number Density Operator 86 (2)
and the Coherent Intermediate and Pair
Correlation Functions
23 Neutron Elastic Scatter Occurs Only in 88 (2)
Forward Direction for Liquids and Gases
Shown by Coherent Intermediate and
Scatter Functions
24 Neutron Coherent Differential Cross 90 (5)
Sections in Crystals Derived from
Coherent Scatter and Intermediate
Functions
25 Pair Correlation Function Expressed by 95 (2)
Particle Density Operator and the
Patterson Function
26 Neutron Coherent Differential Cross 97 (2)
Section in Crystals Expressed by Particle
Density Operators
27 Neutron Incoherent Elastic 99 (2)
Differential Cross Section in Crystals
Derived from Incoherent Intermediate
Function
28 Neutron Incoherent Differential Cross 101(2)
Section in Crystals Derived from
Incoherent Pair Correlation Function
29 No Elastic Scatter Except Forward 103(3)
Direction in Liquids and Gases is Shown
by Intermediate and Pair Correlation
Functions
30 Moments of the Neutron Scatter Function 106(7)
References 110(3)
2 Nuclear Scatter of Neutron Spin States 113(32)
Jay Theodore Cremer, Jr.
1 Angular Momentum Vectors, Spin Vectors, 113(3)
and Vector Operators
2 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and 116(3)
Commutation of Operators
3 The Neutron Spin Operator 119(1)
4 The Neutron Spin-Lowering and Raising 120(4)
Operators
5 Nuclear Scatter of Neutron Spin States: 124(1)
Partial Differential Cross Section
6 Combined Neutron and Nuclear spin 125(4)
Operators for Polarized Neutron Scatter
7 Neutron Nuclear Scatter Lengths for 129(2)
Neutron Spin States
8 Partial Differential Cross Section for 131(2)
Single Transition Neutron Spin-State
Scatter
9 Thermal Averaging: Total Partial 133(3)
Differential Cross Section for Neutron
Spin-State Scatter
10 Neutron Spin-State Scatter Lengths for 136(2)
Ensemble of Nuclear Spins and Isotopes
11 Coherent Partial Differential Cross 138(2)
Section for Neutron Spin-State Scatter
12 Incoherent Partial Differential Cross 140(5)
Section for Neutron Spin-State Scatter
References 143(2)
3 Atomic-Resolution Core-Level Spectroscopy 145(56)
in the Scanning Transmission Electron
Microscope
Christian Dwyer
1 Introduction 146(2)
2 Practical Aspects 148(9)
3 Theoretical Aspects 157(29)
4 Selected Applications 186(6)
5 Concluding Remarks 192(9)
Acknowledgements 193(1)
References 194(7)
4 Point Spread Function Engineering for 201(20)
Super-Resolution Single-Photon and
Multiphoton Fluorescence Microscopy
Partha Pratim Mondal
Alberto Diaspro
1 Introduction 201(2)
2 Theory 203(2)
3 Results and Discussions 205(12)
4 Conclusions 217(4)
Acknowledgments 218(1)
References 218(3)
5 A Review of Recent Advances in the 221(62)
Hit-or-Miss Transform
Paul Murray
Stephen Marshall
1 Introduction 222(2)
2 Preliminaries and Properties of 224(4)
Mathematical Morphology
3 Fundamental Morphological Operations 228(14)
4 Extensions of the Hit-or-Miss Transform 242(35)
5 Conclusions 277(6)
References 279(4)
6 Perspectives on Color Image Processing by 283(26)
Linear Vector Methods Using Projective
Geometric Transformations
Stephen J. Sangwine
1 History and Background 283(2)
2 Linear Filtering 285(9)
3 Linear Quaternion Systems and 294(7)
Homogeneous Coordinates
4 Quaternion Derivations Of Geometric 301(3)
Operations
5 The Difficulty Of Designing Linear 304(1)
Filters
6 Conclusion 305(4)
Acknowledgments 305(1)
References 305(4)
Subject Index 309(14)
Contents of Volumes 151-174 323
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