Ideal for undergraduate students from all branches of engineering, this simple and easy-to-understand text provides comprehensive coverage of the strength of materials, covering stresses and strains, shear force and bending, torsion, deflection, and strain energy as well as closed-coil helical springs, columns and struts, and thick and thin cylinders. Written in a clear and student-friendly manner, the book includes numerous questions, solved problems, and representative diagrams.
1 Simple Stresses and Strains 1 (92)
1.1 Introduction 1 (1)
1.2 General Meaning of Stress and Strain 1 (1)
1.2.1 Concept of Stress 1 (1)
1.2.2 Concept of Strain 2 (1)
1.3 Types of Stresses 2 (1)
1.3.1 Tensile Stress 2 (1)
1.3.2 Compressive Stress 2 (1)
1.3.3 Shear Stress 3 (1)
1.4 Types of Material 3 (1)
1.4.1 Elastic Materials 3 (1)
1.4.2 Plastic Materials 4 (1)
1.4.3 Ductile Materials 4 (1)
1.4.4 Brittle Materials 4 (1)
1.5 Hooke's Law 4 (1)
1.6 Change in Length of a Simple Bar when 4 (1)
Subjected to Load P
1.7 Behaviour of Ductile Materials Under 5 (1)
Tension or Tension Test on Mild Steel
1.8 Calculation of Different Stresses from 6 (1)
Stress - Strain Curve
1.9 Stress-Strain Curve for Brittle Material 6 (1)
1.10 Factor of Safety 7 (1)
1.11 Stress and Strain in Bars with 8 (2)
Cross-sections Varying in Steps in Series
[Compound Bar]
1.11.1 All Sections Subjected to Same Load 8 (1)
1.11.2 Sections Subjected to Different 9 (1)
Loads at Junctions
1.12 Elongation of Tapering Rod 10 (2)
1.12.1 Circular Cross-section 10 (1)
1.12.2 Rectangular Section 11 (1)
1.13 Stress and Strain in Composite Bars 12 (1)
Rigidly Connected in Parallel
1.14 Modular Ration 13 (1)
1.15 Temperature Stresses and Strains in 13 (1)
Simple Bar
1.16 Temperature Stresses in Composite Bar 14 (1)
1.17 Concept of Strain 15 (2)
1.17.1 Longitudinal or Linear Strain 15 (1)
1.17.2 Lateral Strain 15 (1)
1.17.3 Volumetric Strain 16 (1)
1.17.4 Shear Strain 17 (1)
1.17.5 Shear Modulus or Modulus of Rigidity 17 (1)
1.18 Poisson's Ratio 17 (1)
1.19 Concept of Uniaxial, Biaxial and 18 (1)
Triaxial Loading
1.20 Calculation of Different Strains in 19 (1)
Uniaxial Loading
1.21 Calculation of Different Strains in 19 (2)
Biaxial Loading
1.22 Calculations of Different Strains in 21 (1)
Triaxial Loading
1.23 Bulk Modulus 22 (51)
Solved Problems 23 (50)
1.24 Additional Problems from University 73 (20)
Question Papers
Exercise - Theory 79 (1)
Exercise - Problems 80 (13)
2 Shear Force and Bending Moment 93 (124)
2.1 Introduction 93 (1)
2.2 Types of Beam 93 (1)
2.3 Types of Loads 94 (1)
2.4 Types of Supports 95 (2)
2.5 Statically Determinate Beam 97 (1)
2.6 Shear Force 97 (1)
2.6.1 Definition 97 (1)
2.6.2 Sign Convention for Shear Force 97 (1)
2.7 Bending Moment 98 (1)
2.7.1 Definition 98 (1)
2.7.2 Sign Convention for Bending Moment 98 (1)
2.7.3 Sagging and Hogging Bending Moment 98 (1)
2.8 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams 98 (1)
2.9 Nature of Shear Force and bending Moment 99 (1)
Diagrams
2.10 Relation Between Rate of Loading, Shear 99 (1)
Force and Bending Moment
2.11 Procedure of Draw Shear Force and 100(5)
Bending Moment Diagram
2.12 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram 105(80)
for Cantilever and Simply Supported Beam for
Different Types of Loads
2.12.1 Cantilever Beam Carrying Point Load 105(1)
at its Free End
2.12.2 Cantilever Beam Carrying u.d.l. Over 105(1)
its Entire Span
2.12.3 A Cantilever Beam Carrying Uniformly 106(1)
Varying Load, Zero at Fixed End and w/unit
at the Free End
2.12.4 A Cantilever Beam Carrying u.v.l., 107(1)
Zero at Free End and w/unit at Fixed End
2.12.5 Cantilever Beam Carrying Couple Mat 108(1)
its Free End
2.12.6 Simply Supported Beam Carrying Point 109(1)
Load at its Centre
2.12.7 Simply Supported Beam Carrying 110(1)
Eccentric Loading W
2.12.8 Simply Supported Beam Carrying 111(1)
u.d.l. w/unit Over its Entire Span
2.12.9 Simply Supported Beam Carrying 112(2)
u.v.l. Zero at One End and w/unit at Other
End
2.12.10 Simply Supported Beam Carrying 114(109)
Couple M at a Distance a from Left End
Support
Solved Problems 115(70)
2.13 Additional Problems from University 185(32)
Question Papers
Exercise - Theory 204(1)
Exercise - Problems 204(13)
3 Bending Stresses in Beams 217(112)
3.1 Introduction 217(1)
3.2 Concept of Pure Bending 217(1)
3.3 Theory of Simple [Pure] Bending 218(1)
3.4 Assumption Made in Theory of Pure of 218(1)
Simple Bending
3.5 Derivation of Flexural Formula 219(2)
3.6 Moment of Resistance 221(1)
3.7 Bending Stress Distribution Diagrams for 222(1)
Symmetric Section
3.8 Bending Stress Distribution Diagrams for 222(1)
unsymmetrical Sections
3.9 Section Modulus 223(1)
3.10 Section Modulus for various Standard 223(3)
Section
3.10.1 For Rectangular Section 223(1)
3.10.2 Hollow Rectangular Section 223(1)
3.10.3 Circular Section 224(1)
3.10.4 Hollow Circular Section 224(1)
3.10.5 Triangular Section 225(1)
3.10.6 Semicircular Section 225(1)
3.10.7 I-Section 226(1)
3.11 Practical Application of Flexural Formula 226(1)
3.12 Maximum Bending Moment for Some Standard 227(2)
Type of Loading
3.13 Calculation of Force and Moment of 229(1)
Resistance on Partial Area of Cross-section
3.13.1 Force on Partial Area of 229(1)
Cross-section
3.13.2 Moment of Resistance Offered by 230(1)
Partial Areas
3.14 Flitched Beam [Composite Beam] 230(1)
3.15 Beams of Uniform Strength 231(55)
Solved Problems 232(54)
3.16 Solved Problems Based on Force and 286(3)
Moment of Resistance on Partial Areas
3.17 Solved Problems Based on Flitched Beams 289(19)
3.18 Solved Problems on Beams of Uniform 308(4)
Strength
3.19 Additional Problems from University 312(17)
Question Papers
Exercise - Theory 319(1)
Exercise - Problems 320(9)
4 Shear Stresses in Beams 329(51)
4.1 Introduction 329(1)
4.2 Derivation of Shear Stress Equation 330(1)
4.3 Variation of Shear Stress in Standard 331(6)
Sections
4.3.1 Rectangular Section of Area (b x d) 331(1)
4.3.2 Solid Circular Section 332(1)
4.3.3 Solid Isosceles Triangular Section 333(1)
4.3.4 Solid Square Section Bending About 334(1)
Diagonal
4.3.5 Symmetrical I-Section 335(2)
4.4 Shear Connectors 337(1)
4.5 Shear Stress Distribution Diagram for 338(31)
Various Section
Solved Problems 339(30)
4.6 Solved Problems Based on Shear Connectors 369(6)
4.7 Additional Problems from University 375(5)
Question Papers
Exercise - Problems 379(1)
5A Torsion 380(53)
5A.1 Introduction 385(1)
5A.2 Difference Between Torque and Bending 385(1)
Moment
5A.3 Assumption in Theory of Torsion 385(1)
5A.4 Derivation of Torsional Formula 386(2)
5A.5 Shear Stress Variation in Shaft 388(1)
5A.6 Design Criteria for Shaft 388(1)
5A.6.1 Strength Criterion 388(1)
5A.6.2 Rigidity Criterion [Stiffness 388(1)
Criterion]
5A.7 Torsional Strength, Torsional Rigidity 389(1)
and Torsional Flexibility
5A.7.1 Torsional Strength 389(1)
5A.7.2 Torsional Rigidity 389(1)
5A.7.3 Torsional Flexibility 389(1)
5A.8 Polar Moment of Inertia and Polar 390(1)
Modulus of Solid and Hollow Circular Shaft
5A.9 Power Transmitted by a Shaft 390(1)
5A.10 Compound and Composite Shafts 391(2)
5A.10.1 Shafts in Series 391(2)
5A.10.2 Shafts in Parallel 393(1)
5A.11 Statically Indeterminate Shafts 393(40)
Solved Problems 395(32)
Exercise - Theory 427(1)
Exercise - Problems 428(5)
5B Close Coiled Helical Springs 433(10)
5B.1 Introduction 433(1)
5B.2 Closed Coiled Helical Spring 433(2)
5B.3 Springs in Series 435(1)
5B.4 Springs in Parallel 435(8)
Solved Problems 435(6)
Exercise - Problems 441(1)
Exercise - Theory 441(2)
6 Direct and Bending Stresses 443(44)
6.1 Introduction 443(1)
6.2 Concept of Axial Load and Direct Stress 443(1)
6.3 Concept of Eccentric Loading and 444(1)
Eccentricity
6.4 Effect of Eccentric Load 445(2)
6.5 Stress Distribution at the Base 447(1)
6.6 Uniaxial Loading 448(2)
6.7 Condition for No Tension in the Section 450(1)
or Core of Section or Kernel of Section
6.8 Core of Sections 450(27)
6.8.1 Core of Rectangular Section [Middle 450(1)
One Third Rule]
6.8.2 Core of Circular Section [Middle One 451(1)
Fourth Rule]
6.8.3 Core of Hollow Rectangular 452(1)
6.8.4 Core of Hollow Circular Section 453(34)
Solved Problems 453(24)
6.9 Additional Problems from University 477(10)
Question Papers
Exercise - Problems 481(6)
7 Columns and Struts 487(50)
7.1 Introduction 487(1)
7.1.1 Important Definitions 487(1)
7.2 Classification of Columns 488(1)
7.3 Buckling and Bending 489(1)
7.4 End Conditions of Columns 490(1)
7.5 Ideal Column 491(1)
7.6 Difference Between Buckling and Crushing 491(1)
7.7 Euler's Theory for Long Column 492(7)
7.7.1 Assumptions in Euler's Column Theory 492(1)
7.7.2 Euler's Formula for Buckling Load for 492(1)
Columns with Both Ends Hinged or Pinned
7.7.3 Euler's Formula for Columns with Both 493(2)
Ends Fixed
7.7.4 Euler's Formula for Columns with One 495(1)
End Fixed and Other End Hinged
7.7.5 Euler's Formula for Columns with One 496(2)
End Fixed and Other End Free
7.7.6 Equivalent Length or Effective Length 498(1)
7.8 Limitation of Euler's Formula 499(1)
7.9 Rankine Gorden Formula 500(37)
Solved Problems 501(32)
Exercise - Theory 533(1)
Exercise - Problems 533(4)
8 Deflection 537(80)
8.1 Introduction 537(1)
8.2 Differential Equation for Deflection 537(2)
8.3 Assumptions 539(1)
8.4 Sign Conventions 539(1)
8.5 Other Useful Equations 539(1)
8.6 Double Integration Method 540(1)
8.7 Double Integration for Cantilever Beam 541(9)
Subjected to Different Types of Loading
8.7.1 Cantilever Subjected to Point Load 541
8.7.2 Cantilever Subjected to Uniformly 54 (491)
Distributed Load w/unit Run Over Entire Span
8.7.3 Cantilever Beam Subjected to Load 545(2)
Varying Linearly from Zero at the Fixed End
to w/unit at Fixed End
8.7.4 Cantilever Subjected to Load Varying 547(1)
from Zero at the Free End to w/Unit Run at
the Fixed End
8.7.5 Cantilever Subjected to Clockwise 548(2)
Couple of Magnitude M at its Free End
8.8 Double Integration for Simply Supported 550(8)
Beam Subjected to Different Types of Loading
8.8.1 Simply Supported Beam Subjected to a 550(1)
Central Concentrated Load W
8.8.2 Simply Supported Beam Carrying Point 551(2)
Load W at a Distance 'a' from Left End
Support
8.8.3 Simply Supported Beam Carrying 553(2)
Uniformly Distributed Load Over the Entire
Span
8.8.4 Simply Supported Beam Carrying 555(3)
Linearly Varying Load from Zero at One End
to w/unit Length at the Other End
8.9 Macaulay's Method 558(1)
8.10 Bending Moment Equation by Macaulay's 559(1)
Method when Beam is Subjected to Bending
Moment M
8.11 Principle of Superposition 559(43)
Solved Problems 561(41)
8.12 Additional Problems from University 602(15)
Question Papers
Exercise - Problems 613(4)
9 Principal Planes and Stresses 617(52)
9.1 Introduction 617(1)
9.2 Different Types of Stresses 617(1)
9.3 Definitions 618(1)
9.3.1 Principal Plane 618(1)
9.3.2 Principal Stresses 618(1)
9.3.3 Major Principal Stress 618(1)
9.3.4 Minor Principal Stress 618(1)
9.3.5 Major Principal Plane 618(1)
9.3.6 Minor Principal Plane 618(1)
9.3.7 Simple Shear and Complementary Shear 618(1)
9.4 Normal and Tangential/Shear Stress on 619(7)
Inclined/Oblique Plane at an Angle 0
9.4.1 When Body is Subjected to Pure Normal 619(1)
Stress in One Direction
9.4.2 When Body is Subjected to Pure Shear 620(2)
9.4.3 When Body is Subjected to Pure Normal 622(1)
Stresses in Two Directions
9.4.4 General Stress System [Two Normal 623(3)
Stresses on Perpendicular Planes
Accompanied by Shear Stress]
9.5 Sign Conventions 626(1)
9.6 Mohr's Circle Method 627(2)
9.7 Mohr's Circle Details 629(2)
9.8 Combined Bending and Torsion 631(1)
9.9 Effect of End Thrust 632(28)
Solved Problems 633(27)
9.10 Additional Problems from University 660(9)
Question Papers
Exercise - Theory 665(1)
Exercise - Problems 666(3)
10 Strain Energy 669(52)
10.1 Strain Energy and its Forms 669(1)
10.2 Gradually Applied Load 669(2)
10.2.1 Expression for Strain Energy Due to 669(2)
Gradually Applied Load
10.2.2 Resilience, Proof Resilience and 671(1)
Modulus of Resilience
10.3 Suddenly Applied Load 671(1)
10.3.1 Expression for Strain Energy Due to 671(1)
Suddenly Applied Load
10.4 Suddenly Applied Load with Impact 672(1)
10.4.1 Expression for Strain Energy Due to 672(1)
Suddenly Applied Load with Impact
10.5 Strain Energy Due to Self Weight 673(1)
10.6 Strain Energy in Composite Bar 674(2)
10.6.1 Composite Bars in Series 674(1)
10.6.2 Composite Bars in Parallel 675(1)
10.7 Strain Energy Stored in Bending in Beams 676(1)
10.8 Strain Energy Stored in Shear 677(1)
10.9 Strain Energy Stored in Torsion 678(2)
10.9.1 Strain Energy Stored in Solid Shaft 679(1)
Due to Torsion
10.9.2 Strain Energy Stored in Hollow Shaft 679(1)
Due to Torsion
Solved Problems 680(1)
10.10 Strain Energy in Bending Under Impact 680(36)
Loads
10.11 Additional Problems from University 716(5)
Question Papers
Exercise - Problems 718(3)
11 Thin Cylinders 721(20)
11.1 Introduction 721(1)
11.2 Thin and Thick Cylinders 721(1)
11.3 Stresses in the Walls of Thin Cylinders 722(1)
11.4 Failure of Thin Cylinder Due to an 722(1)
Internal Pressure
11.5 Expressions for Hoop Stress 723(1)
(Circumferential Stress) and Longitudinal
Stress
11.6 Change in Dimensions and Volume of 724(1)
Cylindrical Shell Due to Internal Pressure
11.7 Thin Spherical Shell 725(1)
11.8 Change in Diameter and Volume of 725(1)
Spherical Shell
11.9 Cylindrical Shell with Hemispherical Ends 726(1)
11.10 Rivetted Cylinders 727(14)
Solved Problems 728(11)
Exercise - Theory 739(1)
Exercise - Problems 739(2)
12 Thick Cylinders 741
12.1 Introduction 741(1)
12.2 Assumptions Made in the Analysis of 741(1)
Theory of Thick Cylinders
12.3 Derivation of Lame's Equation 741(2)
12.4 Compound Cylinders 743
Solved Problems 745(8)
Exercise - Problems 753
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